1. In what ways did early Europeans use the Azores and Madeira islands? What happened to Porto Santo? How does this story reflect aspects of later European expansion across the Atlantic?
The early Europeans used the Azores and Madeira islands as a way to navigate their way back to portugal in the beginning, but otherwise were unsure exactly what to do with the islands. They would also use the islands as a place to stock up on wood, water, and maybe small amounts of food. Later, they used the islands as a sort of ?laboratory? in the sense that they tried out new crops that they couldn?t grow in Europe as well as some familiar ones that they could. They also attempted to see what animals would flourish there, and found that most did quite well in the warm tropical climate. Rabbits did particularly well, and eventually overran the island of Porto Santo.
2. Which crop was the most profitable cash crop during the 15th century? Why? How were the plantations on the Fortunate Isles forerunners to the plantation systems used by Europeans during the next few centuries throughout the ?new world??? How did the Fortunate Isles constitute a laboratory for future European imperialism? What ?lessons? did Europeans learn in the Canary Islands?
Sugar was the most profitable crop at the time, because they were unable to grow sugar back in Europe and trading it was both expensive and time consuming. The Europeans were able to use the Fortunate Isles to experiment with which crops can grow in warmer climates, something that at the time they had no prior knowledge to, thus making it a ?laboratory?. The Europeans also experimented with bringing animals over to the Canary Islands, where they learned a few valuable lessons, such as rabbits breed at an unfathomable rate, and can be very destructive.
3. Who were the initial slaves used throughout the islands? plantations? How did this change throughout the following years? How does this image of the early slave trade alter your perceptions of the later European transatlantic slave trade?
The early slaves that were brought over to the islands were predominantly white lower class individuals. As they slowly conquered the islands they discovered that the indigenous peoples made better slaves, as they were heartier and knew the land better. They began to enslave as many indigenous males as they could manage.
4. Who were the Guanches? How and when did they arrive in the Canaries? What was their society like? What kind of technology and agriculture did they possess? Why does the author compare the Guanches to Darwin?s finches of the Galapagos?
The Guanches were the indigenous people of the canary islands. It is believed that over a long period of time, indigenous people of africa slowly migrated across the sea and found their way to the Canary islands. Thought at the time of their ?discovery? they were not seafaring people, so it is inferred that over the years they forgot how to sail, as they did not need to know. They possessed little modern technology, but did have pigs, sheep, and dogs, as well as a series of weapons, none of which contained metal.
5. In your opinion, were the Guanches doomed to defeat as the author suggests? Did they possess any advantages of warfare over the Europeans? What factors decided their defeat? What were the biological forms that ?worked? well on the islands? (see p 91-93)
I believe that they were doomed from the beginning. The Europeans had modern technology, such as firearms and metal weapons. The Europeans also had horses, that proved to be a great advantage over the Guanches who had never even seen animals so big. The Guanches however, were numerous, and strong fighters. They knew the environment better and were able to use that to their advantage by hiding in the highlands and throwing rocks at their opposers. However they did not have any immunities to the diseases that the Europeans brought with them, and in the end, as many would agree, is what did them in.
~~ Lol it's my homework assignment!