Romans invaded Isreal
Rebel Jews (small in numbers against giant roman army)
Rebel Jews vs. Rome
Rebel Jews win.
As far as I can remember, the kingdom of Judea became a client state, and had several uprisings occur, all of which were suppressed by the Romans. I doubt the Roman presence would have been great (no way would it have been greater than the indigenous population), given that at the time the all of the conflicts took place, the Romans were expanding or consolidating their power elsewhere in their empire.
The terrorists were not fighthing a war, they were not trying to conquer an area, they were not fighting against another amry, they did not have authority from their country, they did not use modern tactics.
In modern warfare, everything- civilian or military- is fair game. Look at what happened during the Blitz, or later, what the Allies did to Dresden during the Second World War. And what's more, I can't think of any tactics more modern than the asymmetric warfare used by the groups who attacked, and continue to wage war against the US and it's allies.