@nintendofan85
Your long post reminds me of one of my cause/effect scenarios (where the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was of the long-term causes of the 9/11 attacks). But I can’t take for granted because history is a lot more complex, even within a 5-year-span from the last 10 years. Elementary school and middle school students were taught that history was that simple. Examples include:
- Civil War started because of slavery
- Herbert Hoover started the Great Depression
- Japanese Americans were sent to internment camps because of Pearl Harbor
All of these are true, but it’s not as simple as it seems. The Civil War was primarily about slavery, but there was a series of conflicts other than slavery that caused the war. Herbert Hoover didn’t start the depression. It was bound to happen because of a lack of regulation, excessive spending habits, and other mounting problems, all of which lead to the stock market falling. What Hoover is responsible for was that he didn’t do anything to relieve people from the depression. The government says it’s natural. As for the internment camps, it was more than just Pearl Harbor. For 50 years, Americans hated Japanese-Americans. They were scared of them for a long time. The Pearl Harbor thing was the last nail in the coffin.
I think the purpose of history in lower-level education was to teach people what happened and why it happened. The purpose wasn’t to teach them how complex it is.
My long post where I delved into American policies over the years towards Japan, then Cuba, then Iran wasn't mean to oversimplify history, it's just hard to overstate ways in which United States foreign policy outraged people in each nation in the era literally from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. With those things you mentioned, I will say some things:
-The Civil War was about slavery, yes. However, it's worth noting that if you look at the broader picture, slavery had been an issue dating all the way back to when Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence in 1776, and then when James Madison drafted the Constitution in 1787. Both men stated that all men were created equal, yet they both owned slaves, and we also know that this is quite hypocritical on Jefferson's part as, after nearly
two whole centuries of rumors, it was finally confirmed in 1998 that
Thomas Jefferson fathered half-black children with a slave of his, Sally Hemings, and because Hemings was their mother, they were born into slavery too. (Although, thankfully, Jefferson freed them in his will at the time of his death in 1826, which was around the time the rumors started) Nevertheless, every president from 1801 to 1850-from Thomas Jefferson to Zachary Taylor-had been a slaveowner, with the exceptions of John Quincy Adams, who was in office from 1825 to 1829, and Martin Van Buren, who was in office from 1837 to 1841. However, the North had practically been growing opposed to slavery, as the last northern state to abolish it was New Jersey, which abolished it in
1804, six decades before the Civil War, roughly. Abolitionist sentiment began growing in 1830s and that's when we begin to see the divide happen-it didn't help that when James K. Polk was in office, the Mexican-American War was fought from 1846 to 1848, and since the United States, we got
massive amounts of territories from Mexico that made it unclear what the status of slavery would be (California became a state in 1850 when Millard Fillmore was in office, and it was admitted as a free state, which upset the balance that had been precarious ever since the Missouri Compromise had been passed by Congress when James Monroe was president in 1820). Then, the Missouri Compromise was effectively repealed in 1854 after Fillmore was succeeded in office by Franklin Pierce when the Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed by Congress with the heavy supporter of Illinois's Senator Stephen A. Douglas, and that in turn saw the rise of popular sovereignty as an idea, and this would cause the violence known as "Bleeding Kansas" all the way until the Civil War's outbreak in 1861 because of illegal voting from across lines from Missouri that caused Kansas to be voted in as a slave state (Nebraska's voters voted to be free). This was also compounded with the Supreme Court's awful ruling in
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) which was arguably the
worst decision the court ever made, particularly seen in Chief Justice Roger B. Taney's majority opinion. After that, as tensions grew, Abraham Lincoln got elected president in the 1860 election while
not even being on the ballot in the Southern states, leading to their secession, while outgoing President James Buchanan literally did nothing about it (which is why I consider Buchanan to be one of the worst presidents we've ever had, in fact, I had Buchanan at the bottom until just recently when he got surpassed by Donald Trump due to Trump's inept handling of the coronavirus).
-Herbert Hoover didn't cause the Great Depression, but he mishandled it. The Depression had been caused by the bubble that spurred the high economic growth in the 1920s, which started around 1920, the last year Woodrow Wilson was in office. Warren G. Harding got elected that year (Wilson wanted a third term, but doing so would go against the two-term precedent set by George Washington, and he was also massively unpopular as United States involvement in World War I wasn't exactly popular, and he consequently failed to get the Senate to pass the Treaty of Versailles, and he also had a stroke in late 1919) in a landslide due to the aforementioned unpopularity of the Wilson administration, although Harding was only in office for not even two and a half years as he died in office from a heart attack in 1923. That caused his vice president, Calvin Coolidge, to become president, and Coolidge was notably hands-off and very much lassez-faire about the economy. The 1920s boom was largely fueled by credit, to the point where people were even
buying stocks on credit. After Warren G. Harding's landslide win in the 1920 election, and then Coolidge won a term in his own right, also in a landslide election victory, in the 1924 election, Herbert Hoover would go on to win an election victory of his own by a similar margin in 1928 because of the Republican Party's popularity from the good economic times, but less than a year later-and merely months after Hoover's inauguration-the 1929 stock market crash happened, and most of Hoover's strategy to handle the subsequent Great Depression that followed the crash-especially the fact that Congress still passed the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, which is considered to have worsened the Depression as, while tariffs were passed on trading partners such as the United Kingdom, they in turn passed retaliatory tariffs on us, which, at the time Congress got it passed at the behest of Herbert Hoover in 1930, was about the last thing the United States needed. I easily considered the Smoot-Hawley tariff to be the worst economic legislation ever passed by Congress, although the Embargo Act of 1807 passed under Thomas Jefferson comes close in my mind, since Jefferson's legislation, aimed to hurt Britain and France while tensions built up in the lead-up to the War of 1812 (which would then happen under the presidency of Jefferson's successor, James Madison) only hurt the American economy. Anyways, Herbert Hoover's terrible economy caused him to lose re-election to Franklin D. Roosevelt in a landslide in 1932.
-Yes, unfortunately, long-standing resentment against Japanese Americans existed before Pearl Harbor and the beginning of war between the United States and Japan once US entry into World War II happened, but yes, they faced other judgment beforehand. The Supreme Court's poor decision in
Ozawa v. United States (1922) and also the Immigration Act of 1924, passed by President Calvin Coolidge, were definitely inflammatory in this regard. What largely made Japanese American internment under Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry Truman so bad was that it was even naturalized Japanese Americans-those who had become United States citizens-who were also interned. That was
very disgraceful, especially when you consider it was used as part of the Alien Enemies Act, a remnant of John Adams's infamous Alien and Sedition Acts he had Congress pass in 1798.